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BigQuery
VARIANCE
BigQueryCalculates the sample variance of numeric values. Variance is the square of the standard deviation. This is an alias for VAR_SAMP.
Tipe hasil:
FLOAT64Diperbarui: 13 Jun 2026Syntax
SQL
VARIANCE(expression)Parameter
expressionnumericwajib
A numeric column or expression for which to calculate variance
Contoh Penggunaan
Product Price Variance
SQL
1 SELECT 2 category, 3 AVG(price) as avg_price, 4 VARIANCE(price) as price_variance, 5 STDDEV(price) as price_stddev, 6 SQRT(VARIANCE(price)) as stddev_from_variance 7 FROM `project.dataset.products` 8 GROUP BY category;
Demonstrates the relationship between variance and standard deviation.
Hasil
| category | avg_price | price_variance | price_stddev | stddev_from_variance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electronics | 2500000 | 3422500000000 | 1850000 | 1850000 |
| Fashion | 450000 | 102400000000 | 320000 | 320000 |
Portfolio Variance Analysis
SQL
1 SELECT 2 stock_symbol, 3 AVG(daily_return) as avg_return, 4 VARIANCE(daily_return) as return_variance, 5 SQRT(VARIANCE(daily_return)) as volatility 6 FROM `project.dataset.stock_returns` 7 WHERE trade_date >= DATE_SUB(CURRENT_DATE(), INTERVAL 1 YEAR) 8 GROUP BY stock_symbol 9 ORDER BY return_variance DESC 10 LIMIT 10;
Analyzes return variance for risk assessment.
Hasil
| stock_symbol | avg_return | return_variance | volatility |
|---|---|---|---|
| CRYPTO | 0.0025 | 0.0089 | 0.0943 |
| TECH_A | 0.0012 | 0.0045 | 0.0671 |
| STABLE_B | 0.0008 | 0.0012 | 0.0346 |
Variance in ANOVA-like Analysis
SQL
1 SELECT 2 'Between Groups' as source, 3 VARIANCE(group_mean) * COUNT(DISTINCT department) as sum_of_squares 4 FROM ( 5 SELECT department, AVG(salary) as group_mean 6 FROM `project.dataset.employees` 7 GROUP BY department 8 ) 9 UNION ALL 10 SELECT 11 'Within Groups' as source, 12 SUM(group_variance * (group_count - 1)) as sum_of_squares 13 FROM ( 14 SELECT department, VARIANCE(salary) as group_variance, COUNT(*) as group_count 15 FROM `project.dataset.employees` 16 GROUP BY department 17 );
Decomposing variance for between/within group analysis.
Hasil
| source | sum_of_squares |
|---|---|
| Between Groups | 125000000000 |
| Within Groups | 89000000000 |
Pertanyaan Umum tentang VARIANCE
Apa itu fungsi VARIANCE di BigQuery?
Calculates the sample variance of numeric values. Variance is the square of the standard deviation. This is an alias for VAR_SAMP. Di BigQuery, fungsi VARIANCE termasuk dalam kelompok fungsi yang sering digunakan untuk mengolah dan menganalisis data secara efisien.
Bagaimana cara menggunakan VARIANCE di BigQuery?
Gunakan sintaks berikut: VARIANCE(expression). Pastikan argumen yang dimasukkan sudah sesuai dengan tipe data yang diharapkan.
Apa nilai yang dikembalikan oleh fungsi VARIANCE?
Fungsi VARIANCE mengembalikan nilai bertipe FLOAT64. Pastikan tipe data hasil sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan query atau formula kamu. Jika input mengandung nilai NULL, perilaku fungsi dapat berbeda — selalu periksa dokumentasi untuk memastikan hasilnya sesuai ekspektasi.
Apa saja parameter fungsi VARIANCE?
Fungsi ini memiliki 1 parameter wajib. Parameter yang digunakan: expression (numeric, wajib): A numeric column or expression for which to calculate variance.
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