Apa saja parameter fungsi BIT_XOR?

Fungsi ini memiliki 1 parameter wajib. Parameter yang digunakan: expression (INT64, wajib): The integer column or expression to XOR together.

Aggregate

BIT_XOR

BigQuery

Performs a bitwise XOR operation across all values in a group. Returns a value where each bit is 1 if the number of input values with that bit set to 1 is odd.

Tipe hasil: INT64Diperbarui: 13 Jun 2026

Syntax

SQL

BIT_XOR(expression)

Parameter

expressionINT64wajib

The integer column or expression to XOR together

Contoh Penggunaan

Simple XOR Aggregate

SQL

1 SELECT
2   BIT_XOR(value) as xor_result
3 FROM UNNEST([5, 3, 6]) as value;
4 -- 5 = 101
5 -- 3 = 011
6 -- 6 = 110
7 -- XOR = 000 = 0

XOR of 5, 3, and 6 produces 0.

Hasil

Checksum per Batch

SQL

1 SELECT
2   batch_id,
3   BIT_XOR(record_id) as checksum
4 FROM `project.dataset.batch_records`
5 GROUP BY batch_id;

Computes a simple checksum per batch for data integrity verification.

Hasil

batch_id	checksum
B001	12345
B002	67890

Parity Check

SQL

1 SELECT
2   partition_key,
3   BIT_XOR(data_hash) as parity
4 FROM `project.dataset.distributed_data`
5 GROUP BY partition_key;

Computes parity for distributed data verification.

Hasil

partition_key	parity
P1	255
P2	128

Pertanyaan Umum tentang BIT_XOR

Apa itu fungsi BIT_XOR di BigQuery?

Performs a bitwise XOR operation across all values in a group. Returns a value where each bit is 1 if the number of input values with that bit set to 1 is odd. Di BigQuery, fungsi BIT_XOR termasuk dalam kelompok fungsi yang sering digunakan untuk mengolah dan menganalisis data secara efisien.

Bagaimana cara menggunakan BIT_XOR di BigQuery?

Gunakan sintaks berikut: BIT_XOR(expression). Pastikan argumen yang dimasukkan sudah sesuai dengan tipe data yang diharapkan.

Apa nilai yang dikembalikan oleh fungsi BIT_XOR?

Fungsi BIT_XOR mengembalikan nilai bertipe INT64. Pastikan tipe data hasil sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan query atau formula kamu. Jika input mengandung nilai NULL, perilaku fungsi dapat berbeda - selalu periksa dokumentasi untuk memastikan hasilnya sesuai ekspektasi.

Fungsi Terkait

BIT_ANDBIT_OR

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Kembali ke BigQuery Functions

1	SELECT
2	BIT_XOR(value) as xor_result
3	FROM UNNEST([5, 3, 6]) as value;
4	-- 5 = 101
5	-- 3 = 011
6	-- 6 = 110
7	-- XOR = 000 = 0

1	SELECT
2	batch_id,
3	BIT_XOR(record_id) as checksum
4	FROM `project.dataset.batch_records`
5	GROUP BY batch_id;

1	SELECT
2	partition_key,
3	BIT_XOR(data_hash) as parity
4	FROM `project.dataset.distributed_data`
5	GROUP BY partition_key;