Aggregate

LAST

DuckDB

Mengembalikan nilai terakhir dari sebuah kolom dalam group. Kebalikan dari FIRST.

Tipe hasil: Sama dengan tipe inputDiperbarui: 6 Jan 2026

Syntax

SQL

LAST(expression [ORDER BY sort_expression])

Parameter

expressionanywajib

Kolom atau ekspresi yang akan diambil nilai terakhirnya

ORDER BYclauseopsional

Opsional tapi direkomendasikan. Menentukan urutan untuk menentukan 'terakhir'

Contoh Penggunaan

Mengambil Order Terakhir per Customer

SQL

1 SELECT
2   customer_id,
3   LAST(order_id ORDER BY order_date) as last_order_id,
4   LAST(order_date ORDER BY order_date) as last_order_date
5 FROM orders
6 GROUP BY customer_id;

Mendapatkan order terakhir untuk setiap customer.

Hasil

customer_id	last_order_id	last_order_date
1	458	2024-03-10
2	512	2024-03-15

Analisis Perubahan Harga

SQL

1 SELECT
2   product_id,
3   FIRST(price ORDER BY date) as initial_price,
4   LAST(price ORDER BY date) as current_price,
5   LAST(price ORDER BY date) - FIRST(price ORDER BY date) as price_change
6 FROM price_history
7 GROUP BY product_id;

Membandingkan harga awal dan harga terakhir untuk melihat perubahan.

Hasil

product_id	initial_price	current_price	price_change
1	100000	125000	25000
2	500000	450000	-50000

Fungsi Terkait

ANY_VALUEFIRSTARG_MAXARG_MIN

Kembali ke DuckDB Functions

1	SELECT
2	customer_id,
3	LAST(order_id ORDER BY order_date) as last_order_id,
4	LAST(order_date ORDER BY order_date) as last_order_date
5	FROM orders
6	GROUP BY customer_id;

1	SELECT
2	product_id,
3	FIRST(price ORDER BY date) as initial_price,
4	LAST(price ORDER BY date) as current_price,
5	LAST(price ORDER BY date) - FIRST(price ORDER BY date) as price_change
6	FROM price_history
7	GROUP BY product_id;