Apa saja parameter fungsi LAG?

Fungsi ini memiliki 2 parameter wajib dan 2 parameter opsional. Parameter yang digunakan: expression (any, wajib): Column or expression whose value is retrieved; offset (INT64, opsional): Number of rows to look back (default: 1); default_value (same as expression, opsional): Value returned when no previous row exists; ORDER BY (expression, wajib): Determines the row ordering.

Window

LAG

BigQuery

Accesses a value from a previous row in the partition based on the specified offset.

Tipe hasil: Same as input expressionDiperbarui: 13 Jun 2026

Syntax

SQL

LAG(expression [, offset [, default_value]]) OVER ([PARTITION BY partition_expression] ORDER BY sort_expression)

Parameter

expressionanywajib

Column or expression whose value is retrieved

ORDER BYexpressionwajib

Determines the row ordering

offsetINT64opsional

Number of rows to look back (default: 1)

Default: 1

default_valuesame as expressionopsional

Value returned when no previous row exists

Contoh Penggunaan

Month-over-Month Comparison

SQL

1 SELECT
2   month,
3   revenue,
4   LAG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY month) as prev_month_revenue,
5   revenue - LAG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY month) as growth
6 FROM `project.dataset.monthly_sales`;

Calculates monthly growth by comparing revenue to the previous month.

Hasil

month	revenue	prev_month	growth
2024-01	100000	NULL	NULL
2024-02	120000	100000	20000
2024-03	115000	120000	-5000

LAG with Default Value

SQL

1 SELECT
2   date,
3   stock_price,
4   LAG(stock_price, 1, stock_price) OVER (ORDER BY date) as prev_price
5 FROM `project.dataset.stocks`;

Uses the current price as the default value for the first row.

Pertanyaan Umum tentang LAG

Apa itu fungsi LAG di BigQuery?

Accesses a value from a previous row in the partition based on the specified offset. Di BigQuery, fungsi LAG termasuk dalam kelompok fungsi yang sering digunakan untuk mengolah dan menganalisis data secara efisien.

Bagaimana cara menggunakan LAG di BigQuery?

Gunakan sintaks berikut: LAG(expression [, offset [, default_value]]) OVER ([PARTITION BY partition_expression] ORDER BY sort_expression). Pastikan argumen yang dimasukkan sudah sesuai dengan tipe data yang diharapkan.

Apa nilai yang dikembalikan oleh fungsi LAG?

Fungsi LAG mengembalikan nilai bertipe Same as input expression. Pastikan tipe data hasil sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan query atau formula kamu. Jika input mengandung nilai NULL, perilaku fungsi dapat berbeda - selalu periksa dokumentasi untuk memastikan hasilnya sesuai ekspektasi.

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Kembali ke BigQuery Functions

1	SELECT
2	month,
3	revenue,
4	LAG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY month) as prev_month_revenue,
5	revenue - LAG(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY month) as growth
6	FROM `project.dataset.monthly_sales`;

1	SELECT
2	date,
3	stock_price,
4	LAG(stock_price, 1, stock_price) OVER (ORDER BY date) as prev_price
5	FROM `project.dataset.stocks`;